Every person is entitled to certain rights – simply by the fact that they are a human being. They are "rights" because they are things you are allowed to be, to do or to have. These rights are there for your protection against people who might want to harm or hurt you. They are also there to help us get along with each other and live in peace.
Many people know something about their rights. They know they have a right
to be paid for the work they do and they have a right to vote. But there exist
many other rights.
As par UN also "We are all equally entitled to our human rights without
discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and
indivisible...Universal human rights
are often expressed and guaranteed by law, in the forms of treaties, customary
international law , general principles and other sources of international law. International human rights law lays down obligations of Governments to act
in certain ways or to refrain from certain acts, in order to promote and
protect human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups....Human rights entail both rights and obligations.
States assume obligations and duties under international law to respect, to
protect and to fulfil human rights. The obligation to respect means that States must
refrain from interfering with or curtailing the enjoyment of human rights. The obligation to protect requires States to
protect individuals and groups against human rights abuses. The obligation to
fulfil means that States must take positive action to facilitate the enjoyment
of basic human rights. At the individual level, while we are entitled our human rights, we
should also respect the human rights of others."
In this regard, The
WE, THE PEOPLE OF
JUSTICE,
social, economic and political;
LIBERTY
of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY
of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY
assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the
Nation;
We must remember that The Constitution
of India is the supreme law
of India.
Born out of the atrocities and enormous loss of life during World War II,
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was created by the United Nations to
provide a common understanding of what everyone’s rights are. It forms the
basis for a world built on freedom, justice and peace. 
U.D.H.R. states the following rights as both Rights an individual and Obligations of the Government of any country and these should be taken as inviolable principles for all Governance ..The rights as as follows :-
1.
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We are all free and equal in dignity and rights.
We are all born free. We all have our own thoughts and ideas. We should all
be treated in the same way. All human beings are born
free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and
conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. |
2.
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Don't discriminate. These rights belong to everybody,
whatever our differences.
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3.
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The right to life. We all have
the right to life, and to live in freedom and safety.
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4.
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Slavery – past and present.
Nobody has any right to make us a slave. We cannot make anyone our slave.
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5.
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Torture. Nobody has any right
to hurt us or to torture us.
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6.
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We all have the same right to use the law. I am a person just like you! |
7.
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We are all protected by the law. The law is the same for
everyone. It must treat us all fairly.
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8.
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Fair treatment by fair courts. We can all ask for the law
to help us when we are not treated fairly.
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9.
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Unfair detainment. Nobody has the right to put us in
prison without a good reason and keep us there, or to send us away from our
country.
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10.
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The right to trial. If we are put on trial this should
be in public. Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public
hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his
rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
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11.
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Innocent until proven guilty. Nobody should be blamed
for doing something until it is proven. When people say we did a bad thing we
have the right to show it is not true.
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12.
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The right to privacy. Nobody
should try to harm our good name. Nobody has the right to come into our home,
open our letters or bother us or our family without a good reason.
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13.
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Freedom to move. We all have the right to go where we want
in our own country and to travel as we wish.
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14.
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The right to asylum. If we are frightened of being badly
treated in our own country, we all have the right to run away to another
country to be safe.
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15.
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The right to a nationality. We all have the right to
belong to a country.
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16.
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Marriage and family. Every grown-up has the right to marry
and have a family if they want to. Men and women have the same rights when
they are married, and when they are separated.
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17.
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Your own things. Everyone has the right to own things or
share them. Nobody should take our things from us without a good reason.
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18.
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Freedom of thought. We all have
the right to believe in what we want to believe, to have a religion, or to
change it if we want.
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19.
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Free to say what you want. We
all have the right to make up our own minds, to think what we like, to say
what we think, and to share our ideas with other people.
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20.
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Meet where you like. We all have the right to meet our
friends and to work together in peace to defend our rights. Nobody can make
us join a group if we don't want to.
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21.
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The right to democracy. We all have the right to take part
in the government of our country. Every grown-up should be allowed to choose
their own leaders.
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22.
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The right to social security. We all have the right to
affordable housing, medicine, education, and child care, enough money to live
on and medical help if we are ill or old.
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23.
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Workers' rights. Every grown-up has the right to do a job,
to a fair wage for their work, and to join a trade union.
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24.
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The right to play. We all have the right to rest from work
and to relax.
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25.
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A bed and some food. We all have the right to a good life.
Mothers and children, people who are old, unemployed or disabled, and all
people have the right to be cared for.
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26.
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The right to education. Education is a right. Primary school
should be free. We should learn about the United Nations and how to get on
with others. Our parents can choose what we learn.
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27.
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Culture and copyright. Copyright
is a special law that protects one's own artistic creations and writings;
others cannot make copies without permission. We
all have the right to our own way of life and to enjoy the good things that
"art," science and learning bring.
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28.
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A free and fair world. There must be proper order so we
can all enjoy rights and freedoms in our own country and all over the world.
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29.
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Our responsibilities. We have a
duty to other people, and we should protect their rights and freedoms.
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30.
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Nobody can take away these
rights and freedoms from us.
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NB : How Does International Law Protect Human Rights?
International human rights law lays down obligations which States are bound to respect. By becoming parties to international treaties, States assume obligations and duties under international law to respect, to protect and to fulfil human rights. The obligation to respect means that States must refrain from interfering with or curtailing the enjoyment of human rights. The obligation to protect requires States to protect individuals and groups against human rights abuses. The obligation to fulfil means that States must take positive action to facilitate the enjoyment of basic human rights.
Through ratification of international human rights treaties, Governments undertake to put into place domestic measures and legislation compatible with their treaty obligations and duties. The domestic legal system, therefore, provides the principal legal protection of human rights guaranteed under international law. Where domestic legal proceedings fail to address human rights abuses, mechanisms and procedures for individual and group complaints are available at the regional and international levels to help ensure that international human rights standards are indeed respected, implemented, and enforced at the local level.
